Resumo Os peixes que habitam os lagos de várzea da Amazônia apresentam morfologias bastante diversas, possibilitando a exploração bem sucedida dos diferentes habitats que formam estas áreas adjacentes aos grandes rios amazônicos. Neste artigo, relatamos os resultados de uma análise ecomorfológica de vinte espécies abundantes, coletadas em maio e agosto de 2011, em dois lagos das várzeas do trecho inferior do rio Solimões. As analises indicaram diferenças entre as espécies como função do atributos ecomorfológicos, provavelmente associadas com a capacidade natatória e com preferências por habitat.

Abstract Fishes inhabiting Amazonian floodplain lakes exhibits a great variety of body shape, which was a key advantage to colonize the several habitats that compose these areas adjacent to the large Amazon rivers. In this paper, we did an ecomorphological analysis of twenty abundant species, sampled in May and August 2011, into two floodplain lakes of the lower stretch of the Solimões River. The analysis detected differences among species, which could be probably associated with swimming ability and habitat use preferences.

Os depósitos de vanadatos e sulfatos de sódio, líquidos a alta temperatura, localizados nos tubos das caldeiras causam corrosões severas. A análise das propriedades e da corrosão eletroquímica no vanadato de sódio fundido permite compreender, num caso simples, um processo complexo e comparar a resistência à corrosão de metais diferentes por um método rápido e simples.

Sodium vanadate and sulphate form deposits, liquid at high temperature, which cause corrosion of boiler pipes. The analysis of properties and of electrochemical corrosion in melted sodium vanadate allows to understand, in a simple case, a complex process, and to compare corrosion resistance of different metals by a quick and simple method.

No nordeste do Pará o transporte da polpa de bauxita é através de mineroduto, sendo a viscosidade um parâmetro de controle fundamental para o bombeamento do minério. Este estudo ilustra a influência do pH na reologia da polpa por meio da determinação do ponto de carga zero (pHpcz) da bauxita. Foram efetuadas análise granulométrica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, ensaios potenciométricos testando o cloreto de amônia como eletrólito indiferente e ensaios reológicos em diferentes valores de pH. Os resultados revelaram que o cloreto de amônia pode ser utilizado como eletrólito indiferente para esse tipo de análise e que ocorre a redução da viscosidade em valores de pH distantes do ponto de carga zero.

In the northeast of Pará, Brazil, the transport of bauxite pulp is through pipeline, being the viscosity a parameter which can interfere in the pumping. This study illustrates the influence of pH on pulp rheology through of determination of the zero point of charge. Were done particle size analysis, SEM, EDS, potentiometric tests testing ammonia chloride as indifferent electrolyte and rheological tests at different pH values. The results revealed that ammonia chloride can be used as indifferent electrolyte and showed a decrease in viscosity when there is far of the zero point of charge.

Isomerization of linear alkanes has had considerable importance for the refining industry because the isomers formed in this reaction have high octane number. Most works reported in the literature studied the use of bifunctional catalysts, i.e., ones that have acid sites and metallic sites. In this study, bifunctional monometallic (Ni or Pt) and bimetallic catalysts (Pt-Ni), using HUSY zeolite as the support, were prepared in order to verify the role of the metal content and composition on the catalytic properties for n-hexane isomerization. The method used for metal dispersion in the zeolite was competitive ion exchange using ammine complexes [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 and [Pt(NH3)4]Cl2 as precursors. Four series of catalysts with constant atomic metal content had total metal amounts between 130 and 280 µmol M/g cat. Catalysts were characterized by temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and subjected to catalytic evaluation for n-hexane isomerization at 250 ºC and 1 atm using H2/C6 = 9 molar ratio. TPR results show an easier reducibility of Ni+2 cations in the presence of Pt, which was evidenced by the displacement of the reduction peak of those cations towards lower temperatures in bimetallic catalysts. The bimetallic catalysts presented a higher activity in the isomerization of n-hexane when compared to the monometallic ones, as well better stability as the Pt content in the solid increases. The results of the activity as a function of the Pt content in the bimetallic catalysts show a maximum value around 50% of Pt. An addition of Pt above this critical value leads to a small decrease of the catalytic activity.

The aim of this work was to verify the effect of MFI aluminum content and crystal size on the selectivity for para-diethylbenzene during ethylbenzene disproportionation. It was observed that the para-diethylbenzene selectivity increased as MFI crystal size increased. The increase in aluminum content caused a decrease in the selectivity for para-diethylbenzene. However, for crystals larger than 8 <FONT FACE="Symbol">m</FONT> m, the decrease in aluminum content had little influence on the selectivity for para-diethylbenzene. The results can be explained by the number of active aluminum sites on the external surface of the crystals.

Hidroxiacetofenonas, especialmente o isômero para, são importante compostos da industria farmacêutica. Elas podem ser obtidas por acilação do fenol, mas as propriedades termodinâmicas dessa reação não estão disponíveis. A estimativa das propriedades desta reação, usando o método de Benson, indica que a formação das hidroxiacetofenonas é favorável a temperaturas entre 300 K e 800 K. Temperaturas superiores favorecem a formação do acetato de fenila. Neste intervalo de temperatura, a meta-hidroxiacetofenona é mais estável que os isômeros orto e para.

Hydroxyacetophenones, especially the para-isomer, are important compounds in the pharmaceutical industry. They can be obtained through acylation of phenol but no data about the thermodynamic properties of this reaction are available. The estimation of the properties of this reaction, using the Benson method, shows that the formation of hydroxyacetophenones is favorable at temperatures between 300 K and 800 K. Higher temperatures favor the formation of phenyl acetate. In this temperature range, meta-hydroxyacetophenone is more stable than the other isomers.

Amostras de soro de grupos populacionais dos Estados do Pará e Goiás, coletados entre 1974 e 1980, foram testadas (ELISA, imunofluorescência e immunoblot) para a presença de anticorpos contra o vírus da imunodeficiência humana tipo-1 (HIV-1). O objetivo principal foi de se mapear epidemiologicamente a ocorrência deste vírus em um período anterior a detecção da presente epidemia. Quatro amostras dos índios Xicrin foram positivas pelo teste de ELISA, porém não foram confirmadas pelos demais testes. Os resultados negativos sugerem a ausência de circulação do HIV-1, nos grupos testados, no período pré-1980.

Serum samples collected between 1974 and 1980 out of populations from the States of Pará and Goiás, Brazil, were tested for antibodies against HIV-1 through ELISA, immunofluorescence, and immunoblot. The aim was to describe the possibility of the virus presence in this country before the present epidemic. Four samples from an epidemiologically closed community, the Xicrin indians, gave positive reaction in the ELISA test, but were negative in the confirmatory tests. The negative results suggest the absence of HIV-1, in the groups tested, prior to the 1980's.